Many millions of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and tuberculosis could be averted in China if smoking and biomass and coal fuel use in homes were phased out over the next 25 years. These are the conclusions of authors of an Article published early Online and in an upcoming edition of The Lancet. The three diseases above are three of the ten leading causes of death in China, where prevalences of smoking and solid fuel use are also high.